Instrument Flight Rules

Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) is a set of regulations and procedures for flying aircraft, whereby navigation and control of the aircraft are conducted by reference to the aircraft's instruments rather than by visual observation. These rules are designed to maintain a safe and efficient flow of air traffic under any type of weather conditions. IFR is used when visual flight rules (VFR) are not sufficient due to weather or other visual impediments. Under IFR, the aircraft's position and course can be accurately determined without the need for visual reference points on the ground. This is achieved through the use of navigation aids such as radio beacons, GPS, and onboard instruments that provide information about the aircraft's attitude, altitude, and speed. IFR also includes procedures for instrument approaches and landings, and for flying in controlled airspace. The ability to fly under IFR is a key skill for pilots, especially in commercial aviation, and requires additional training and certification beyond what is needed for VFR flight.